WOG Group is now working on various wastewater treatment systems. We have built a solid basis for ourselves in a range of interactions by exceeding our client’s expectations. For releasing wastewater back into the environment, a Domestic sewage treatment plant is essential for the removal of toxins and pollutants from the water.  These systems efficiently break down organic matter, remove sediments, and get rid of dangerous compounds by using specialised machinery and procedures.  Also, if you live in an area & want to reduce the environmental impact, it’s important to understand the wastewater treatment process.
You will comprehend these systems’ operation better, the value of routine maintenance, and how they affect water quality and public health.

To ensure that the effluent has been cleansed and is safe to release into the environment, domestic sewage treatment plants include several procedures for removing contaminants from wastewater. 

Understanding Wastewater and its Composition

Any waste coming out of any industry or domestic area consisting of harmful chemicals is wastewater. Depending on the source, the makeup of wastewater might change, but residential sewage makes up a sizeable portion of it. Altogether, domestic sewage is the wastewater from homes or any residential areas. Although, it is made up of several kinds of water waste from activities. Some are bathing, washing dishes, toilet, laundry, and kitchen waste. It will cause severe harmful effects on the environment; it is the priority to treat the wastewater & make it suitable to discharge into surrounding water bodies. Moreover, it contains a variety of pollutants, including chemicals, organic waste, pathogens, heavy metals, nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, and other toxins.  

Requirement For Domestic Sewage Treatment

For the sake of the environment and to advance sustainable water management techniques, home sewage treatment is essential. It helps in reducing various kinds of pollution. Wastewater can also cause water-spread diseases. Water recycling will help secure water for future generations and similarly, reduce the load on the current water supply. After recycling we can reuse water for multiple purposes.

Below are a few justifications for the requirement of wastewater treatment:

• Health: 

Domestic waste also consists of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. These will help in producing diseases like cholera, typhoid, gastrointestinal infections & hepatitis. Treatment of sewage helps eradicate or reduce hazardous bacteria to stop the spread of diseases and protect public health.

• Environmental protection: 

It is important to treat domestic sewage properly to help remove contaminants and lessen their negative effects on the environment. Discharging untreated residential sewage into water sources like rivers or lakes can significantly pollute the environment. Water becomes oxygen-depleted as a result of the organic waste in sewage consuming dissolved oxygen, which is harmful to aquatic life. Nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus can also contribute to eutrophication, which promotes excessive algal growth and deteriorates water quality. 

• Recovery of Resources: 

Domestic sewage can be reused in a variety of non-potable applications, including irrigation, manufacturing, and toilet flushing. By safely and sustainably reusing water resources, sewage can be treated to a standard that lessens the demand for freshwater resources. Additionally, sewage treatment procedures involve techniques for recovering priceless resources.  Organic matter and nutrients are useful as fertilisers or energy sources.

• Groundwater Protection: 

For the general public’s health, contaminated groundwater poses a serious threat. The quality of groundwater is protected by proper sewage treatment, which guarantees that dangerous substances are eliminated. Untreated wastewater can seep into groundwater, which is a major supply of drinking water for many people, particularly in regions where septic tanks or pit latrines are utilised for sewage disposal.  

Components Of a Domestic Sewage Treatment Plant

There are various components in domestic sewage treatment plants. Also, all of them work in a sequential manner for the proper functioning of a treatment plant. Some of them are listed here: 

• Screening: 

The first step in the sewage treatment process is the inflow. In these big particles and debris are screened out using grates or bar screens. This also helps against clogging and safeguards downstream machinery.

• Primary Treatment: 

The first step of sewage treatment is primary treatment. It uses physical processes to remove floating and settleable solids. Moreover, this is typically accomplished through the use of a clarifier or sedimentation tank, which separates lighter substances like grease and oils that float to the top and can be skimmed out, while heavier contents settle to the bottom and become sludge.

• Secondary treatment: 

After primary treatment, the focus shifts to secondary treatment, which involves biological processes that break down organic materials and remove dissolved contaminants. Also, the most popular method for secondary treatment is the activated sludge process.

• Tertiary treatment: 

After treatment, water may undergo an optional stage called tertiary treatment before release or reuse. This extra step includes filtration, disinfection, and sophisticated nutrient removal to meet specific water quality criteria. 

• Disinfection: 

It is a crucial process that eliminates or reduces the number of harmful bacteria in the treated wastewater. Common disinfection techniques include ozonation, ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, and chlorination using chlorine compounds. Hence, it is easy to discharge clean water safely into water bodies. 

Sludge Management in BOOT/BOO System

In a BOOT (Build, Own, Operate, Transfer) or BOO (Build, Own, Operate) arrangement, a private entity is responsible for designing, constructing, operating, and maintaining a sewage treatment facility for a particular duration.  Moreover, the design, size, and regulations can vary in a BOOT/BOO system. In this system, responsibility is divided among the public & private entities. It reduces the load on public entities.

• Sludge Thickening:

The first step in sludge management is sludge thickening. It increases the solid content and reduces the amount of sludge. Therefore, thickening methods include centrifugation, dissolved air flotation, and gravity thickeners.

• Sludge Digestion:

It is a biological process that reduces the volume of organic material in sludge and stabilizes it. Anaerobic digestion is popular for sludge digestion. This microorganism breaks down the sludge without oxygen and produces biogas as a byproduct. Also, biogas is useful for generating energy. 

• Dewatering:

Once digestion is complete, the sludge undergoes dewatering techniques.  E.g., thermal drying or mechanical methods like belt filter presses and centrifuges. Dewatering reduces the moisture content and volume of the sludge, making it easier and more manageable to handle and transport.

• Sludge Disposal: 

The most important step in this process is sludge disposal as proper disposal is critical due to the harmful effects of sludge. There are various disposal options, including incinerating it, landfilling it, or incorporating it into construction materials. 

WOG specialists’ work makes it feasible for innovative financial development that is more sensitive to animals and the environment. It is still developing innovative technologies to manage and protect natural resources and decrease their detrimental effects on the environment. It is very concerned about the expansion of renewable energy sources. Moreover, we’ll continue collaborating in the future to protect shared resources and develop new methods for treating Industrial Effluent Water Treatment.